Graphite electrodes are essential in steel-making for electric arc furnaces, as well as in the smelting of industrial materials such as yellow phosphorus, silicon, and brown corundum in mine heating furnaces. They are categorized into Regular Power (RP), High Power (HP), and Ultra-High Power (UHP) types, each suited for specific applications.
Types of Graphite Electrodes and Applications
- Regular Power Graphite Electrodes (RP)
– Applications:
– Primarily used in small-scale electric arc furnaces.
– Suitable for melting lower-grade steels and some non-ferrous metals.
– Used in foundries with moderate power requirements and smaller production scales.
- High Power Graphite Electrodes (HP)
– Applications:
– Commonly applied in medium to large electric arc furnaces.
– Suitable for melting a range of steels, including alloy steels.
– Capable of handling higher power inputs, offering more stable arcs than RP electrodes, making them ideal for faster melting and higher production rates.
- Ultra-High Power Graphite Electrodes (UHP)
– Applications:
– Used in large-scale, high-intensity electric arc furnaces.
– Ideal for melting high-quality steels, special steels, and alloys that demand high temperatures and precise control.
– UHP electrodes withstand very high power levels and offer superior thermal shock resistance, essential for modern steel plants focused on high productivity and quality.
Advantages of Graphite Electrodes
Graphite electrodes are produced using petroleum coke and needle coke as primary raw materials, with coal pitch as a binder. Through processes like calcination, batching, kneading, pressing, roasting, graphitization, and machining, graphite electrodes serve as conductors, releasing electric energy in the form of an arc to heat and melt material in electric arc furnaces. They are categorized based on quality standards into RP, HP, and UHP types.
| Specifications | RP | |
| Specific Resistance μΩm | Electrode | ≤9 |
| Nipple | ≤8.5 | |
| Transverse Strength Mpa | Electrode | ≥7.8 |
| Nipple | ≥12.7 | |
| Elastic Modulus GPa | Electrode | ≤9.3 |
| Nipple | ≤13.7 | |
| Ash Content % | Electrode | ≤0.5 |
| Nipple | ≤0.5 | |
| Bulk Density g/cm³ | Electrode | ≥1.52 |
| Nipple | ≥1.68 | |
HP Graphite Electrode
Advantages of Graphite Electrodes
Graphitization furnaces for producing graphite products, melting furnaces for melting glass, and electric furnaces for producing silicon carbide are all resistance furnaces. The materials contained in the furnace are both heating resistors and heated objects. Generally, conductive graphite electrodes are embedded in the ends of the resistance furnace The graphite electrode used here is not continuously consumed in the furnace wall of the Ministry.
The main raw material for the production of graphite electrodes is petroleum coke. A small amount of asphalt coke can be added to ordinary power graphite electrodes. The sulfur content of petroleum coke and asphalt coke cannot exceed 0.5%. Needle coke is also needed when producing high-power or ultra-high-power graphite electrodes. The main raw material for the production of aluminum anodes is petroleum coke, and the sulfur content should be controlled not more than 1.5% to 2%. Petroleum coke and asphalt coke should meet the relevant national quality standards.
| Specifications | HP | |
| Specific Resistance μΩm | Electrode | ≤7 |
| Nipple | ≤6.5 | |
| Transverse Strength Mpa | Electrode | ≥10 |
| Nipple | ≥14 | |
| Elastic Modulus GPa | Electrode | 12 |
| Nipple | 14 | |
| Ash Content % | Electrode | ≤0.2 |
| Nipple | ≤0.1 | |
| Bulk Density g/cm³ | Electrode | ≥1.64 |
| Nipple | ≥1.72 | |
SHP Graphite Electrode
Advantages of Graphite Electrodes
Graphite electrode mainly uses petroleum coke and needle coke as raw materials, coal pitch as binder, and is made by calcination, batching, kneading, pressing, roasting, graphitization, and machining. It releases electric energy in the form of electric arc in electric arc furnace The conductor that heats and melts the charge can be divided into ordinary power graphite electrode, high power graphite electrode and ultra-high power graphite electrode according to its quality index.
Graphitization furnaces for producing graphite products, melting furnaces for melting glass, and electric furnaces for producing silicon carbide are all resistance furnaces. The materials contained in the furnace are both heating resistors and heated objects. Generally, conductive graphite electrodes are embedded in the ends of the resistance furnace The graphite electrode used here is not continuously consumed in the furnace wall of the Ministry.
| Specifications | SHP | |
| Specific Resistance μΩm | Electrode | ≤6.5 |
| Nipple | ≤4 | |
| Transverse Strength Mpa | Electrode | ≥12 |
| Nipple | ≥20 | |
| Elastic Modulus GPa | Electrode | ≤12 |
| Nipple | ≤18 | |
| Ash Content % | Electrode | ≤0.1 |
| Nipple | ≤0.1 | |
| Bulk Density g/cm³ | Electrode | ≥1.65 |
| Nipple | ≥1.74 | |
UHP Graphite Electrode
Advantages of Graphite Electrodes
Graphite electrode mainly uses petroleum coke and needle coke as raw materials, coal pitch as binder, and is made by calcination, batching, kneading, pressing, roasting, graphitization, and machining. It releases electric energy in the form of electric arc in electric arc furnace The conductor that heats and melts the charge can be divided into ordinary power graphite electrode, high power graphite electrode and ultra-high power graphite electrode according to its quality index.
Electric furnace steelmaking is a major user of graphite electrodes. my country’s electric furnace steel output accounts for about 18% of crude steel output, and graphite electrodes for steelmaking account for 70% to 80% of the total graphite electrode usage. Electric furnace steelmaking uses graphite electrodes to introduce current into the furnace, and uses high-temperature heat sources generated by the arc between the electrode end and the charge to carry out smelting.
| Specifications | UHP | |
| Specific Resistance μΩm | Electrode | ≤5.8 |
| Nipple | ≤4 | |
| Transverse Strength Mpa | Electrode | ≥12 |
| Nipple | ≥20 | |
| Elastic Modulus GPa | Electrode | ≤12 |
| Nipple | ≤18 | |
| Ash Content % | Electrode | ≤0.1 |
| Nipple | ≤0.1 | |
| Bulk Density g/cm³ | Electrode | ≥1.65 |
| Nipple | ≥1.74 | |
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